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ASTM D4724-2010 针入法测定反捻长丝纱的缠结度的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforEntanglementsinUntwistedFilamentYarnsbyNeedleInsertion
【原文标准名称】:针入法测定反捻长丝纱的缠结度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4724-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D13.58
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:entanglement;yarn;Acceptancecriteria/testing--textilefabrics/fibers;Averagecentimeterpull;Entanglement;Fiberlength;Filamentyarn;Forwardingtime;Instrumentalmeasurement--textiles;Integritytesting;Man-madetextilefibers;Manualmethod;M
【摘要】:Option1ofthistestmethodforthedeterminationofthedegreeofuntwistedfilamentyarnentanglement,asmeasuredinstrumentally,isusedforacceptancetestingofcommercialshipments;however,cautionisadvisedbecauseinformationonbetween-laboratoryprecisionislacking.Comparativetests,asdirectedin5.1.1,maybeadvisable.Iftherearedifferencesofpracticalsignificancebetweenthereportedtestresultsfortwoormorelaboratories,comparativetestsshouldbeperformedbythoselaboratoriestodetermineifthereisastatisticalbiasbetweenthem,usingcompetentstatisticalassistance.Asaminimum,samplesusedforeachcomparativetestshouldbeashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesamelotofmaterialasthesamplesthatresultsindisparateresultsduringinitialtesting,andrandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratory.Otherfabricswithestablishedtestvaluesmaybeusedforthispurpose.Thetestresultsfromthelaboratoriesinvolvedshouldbecomparedappropriatestatisticalanalysisandaprobabilitylevelchosenbythetwopartiesbeforetestingbegins,ataprobabilitylevelchosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifabiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrectedorfuturetestresultsmustbeadjustedinconsiderationoftheknownbias.Option2forthistestmethodisintendedforusewhenthesupplyofyarnislimited.Theinstrumentaloptionofthistestmethodisbasedonthetotalrandomizationoftheentanglementsintheyarn;therefore,thedistancemeasuredbetweenthepointofinsertionofapininthemiddleoftheyarnandthepointatwhichanentanglementisencountered,bymovementoftheyarnorthepinuntilitisstoppedatapresetlevelofforce,isrepresentativeofthedistancebetweentwoentanglementsatsomelocationintheyarn.Entanglementsareusedfrequentlyinsteadoftwisttoensuretheintegrityoffilamentyarns.Suchentanglementsgenerallygivesomewhatlessprotectionduringweavingorknittingthantwist,butwithpropercare,willperformquitesatisfactorily.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstwooptionsforthemeasurementofentanglementsinuntwistedfilamentyarnsusingneedleinsertionoptionsforinstrument(A)andmanual(B)techniques.1.2ThevaluesstatedineitherSIorinch-poundunits(inparentheses)aretoberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheotherwithoutcombiningvaluesinanyway.1.3Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:W58
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_20
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:TestMethodfortheDeterminationofIndividualComponentsinSparkIgnitionEngineFuelsby100MeterCapillary(WithPrecolumn)HighResolutionGasChromatography
【原文标准名称】:用100米毛细管(带前柱管)高分辨率气相色谱法测定火花点燃式发动机燃料中单个成分的试验方法
【标准号】:ANSI/ASTMD6729-2004
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:2004-11-01
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:气相色谱法;汽油;试验方法;机动车燃料
【英文主题词】:Automotivefuels;Capillary;Components;Determination;Fuels;Gaschromatography;Gases;Gasoline;Ignition;Individual;Liquidfuels;Meterprovers;Resolution;Sparkignitions;Spark-ignitionengines;Testmethods;Testing
【摘要】:Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofindividualhydrocarboncomponentsofspark-ignitionenginefuelsandtheirmixturescontainingoxygenateblends(MTBE,ETBE,ethanol,andsoforth)withboilingrangesupto225?C.Otherlightliquidhydrocarbonmixturestypicallyencounteredinpetroleumrefiningoperations,suchasblendingstocks(naphthas,reformates,alkylates,andsoforth)mayalsobeanalyzed;however,statisticaldatawasobtainedonlywithblendedspark-ignitionenginefuels.Basedonthecooperativestudyresults,individualcomponentconcentrationsandprecisionaredeterminedintherangeof0.01toapproximately30mass%.Theproceduremaybeapplicabletohigherandlowerconcentrationsfortheindividualcomponents;however,theusermustverifytheaccuracyiftheprocedureisusedforcomponentswithconcentrationsoutsidethespecifiedranges.Thetestmethodalsodeterminesmethanol,ethanol,t-butanol,methylt-butylether(MTBE),ethylt-butylether(ETBE),t-amylmethylether(TAME)insparkignitionenginefuelsintheconcentrationrangeof1to30mass%.However,thecooperativestudydataprovidedsufficientstatisticaldataforMTBEonly.Althoughamajorityoftheindividualhydrocarbonspresentaredetermined,someco-elutionofcompoundsisencountered.Ifthistestmethodisutilizedtoestimatebulkhydrocarbongroup-typecomposition(PONA)theuserofsuchdatashouldbecautionedthatsomeerrorwillbeencounteredduetoco-elutionandalackofidentificationofallcomponentspresent.Samplescontainingsignificantamountsofolefinicornaphthenic(forexample,virginnaphthas),orboth,constituentsaboven-octanemayreflectsignificanterrorsinPONAtypegroupings.Basedonthegasolinesamplesintheinterlaboratorycooperativestudy,thisprocedureisapplicabletosamplescontaininglessthan25mass%ofolefins.However,someinterferingcoelutionwiththeolefinsaboveCispossible,particularlyifblendingcomponentsortheirhigherboilingcutssuchasthosederivedfromfluidcatalyticcracking(FCC)areanalyzed,andthetotalolefincontentmaynotbeaccurate.Totalolefinsinthesamplesmaybeobtainedorconfirmed,orboth,ifnecessary,byTestMethodD1319(volume%)orothertestmethods,suchasthosebasedonmultidimensionalPONAtypeofinstruments.Ifwaterisorissuspectedofbeingpresent,itsconcentrationmaybedetermined,ifdesired,bytheuseofTestMethodD1744,orequivalent.Othercompoundscontainingoxygen,sulfur,nitrogen,andsoforth,mayalsobepresent,andmayco-elutewiththehydrocarbons.Ifdeterminationofthesespecificcompoundsisrequired,itisrecommendedthattestmethodsforthesespecificmaterialsbeused,suchasTestMethodsD4815andD5599foroxygenates,andD5623forsulfurcompounds,orequivalent.AnnexA1ofthistestmethodcomparesresultsofthetestprocedurewithothertestmethodsforselectedcomponents,includingolefins,andseveralgrouptypesforseveralinterlaboratorycooperativestudysamples.Althoughbenzene,toluene,andseveraloxygenatesaredetermined,whendoubtfulastotheanalyticalresultsofthesecomponents,confirmatoryanalysescanbeobtainedbyusingspecifictestmethods.ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationpurposesonly.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E31
【国际标准分类号】:75_160_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Operationandmaintenanceofearth-movingmachinery-Guidetocommonmaintenanceandadjustmentservicetools
【原文标准名称】:运土机械的操作和维修.第1部分:普通维修和调节用工具指南
【标准号】:BS6913-1-1989
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1989-02-28
【实施或试行日期】:1989-02-28
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:物料搬运设备;维修;尺寸;调节;土方机械;手工工具;扳手
【英文主题词】:Adjustment;Definition;Definitions;Dimensions;Earth-movingequipment;Erecting(constructionoperation);Handtools;Maintenance;Nomenclature;Operatingelements;Terminology;Tools
【摘要】:Toolgroupingscommonlyusedforcarryingouton-site,normalmaintenanceandroutineadjustmentwork.
【中国标准分类号】:P97
【国际标准分类号】:53_100
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语